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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:42 pm
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Results for retail crime
27 results foundAuthor: Duncan, Anne Title: Canterbury community policing small business robbery prevention case study Summary: This initiative, Small Business Robbery Prevention, was a cooperative and proactive response to a rise in local robberies of small businesses in the Canterbury region, most of which are owned and operated by people belonging to the Chinese, Korean or Indian ethnic groups. This case study documents the work that has been undertaken in relation to the Canterbury Small Business Robbery Prevention initiative and explores views of interviewees, both those engaged in delivering the initiative and those impacted by it, in relation to what has worked well, what hasn't, and where improvement could be made. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Police, 2009, 56p. Source: Internet Source Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 117817 Keywords: Community PolicingRetail CrimeRobbery |
Author: WorkSafe BC Title: Handbook for Employers: Working Alone, Late Night Retail, and Prepayment of Fuel Summary: Retail premises and gas stations can be the target of shoplifting, gas and dashes, robberies, and violence. Workers who work alone or in isolation may be particularly vulnerable to violence and other hazards in the workplace where assistance is not readily available. This handbook is designed for retail and gas station employers who do not already have adequate safe work practices to protect workers who must work alone and/or late at night. It discusses: (1) how to conduct a risk assessment; (2) how to control or minimize hazards; (3) general safe work procedures; and (4) training workers. Details: Richmond, BC, Canada: WorkSafe BC, 2008. 43p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 118313 Keywords: Retail CrimeRetail TheftRobberiesWorkplace Crime |
Author: British Retail Consortium Title: Retail Crime Survey 2009 Summary: This 2009 Retail Crime Survey (U.K.) was completed by 60 retailers, employing 1,154,019 staff and representing 49 per cent of total retail turnover. The Retail Crime Survey has identified an increase in total cost of retail crime of 10 per cent in 2008-09 (losses through theft and damage plus the cost of crime prevention measures). Retail crime cost UK retailers £1.1 billion in 2008-09, equivalent to 72,722 retail jobs. The incidence of some types of retail crime doubled during the course of the year. None decreased. This is a significant reversal of recent reductions in retail crime and for many types of retail crime takes levels back to those last experienced in 2004-05. The levels and mixture of police recorded crime are strikingly different to the distribution of retail crime experienced by retailers. Consequently retailers and the police have differing priorities for action. These differing perceptions need addressing if rising retail crime is to be addressed adequately. Retailers estimated the average level of shrinkage as 1.9 per cent, expressed as a proportion of sales, although the definition of shrinkage varied between companies. Details: London: British Retail Consortium, 2010. 39p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119417 Keywords: BurglaryEmployee TheftRetail CrimeRobberyShoplifting |
Author: Deloitte MCS Limited Title: Northern Ireland Office - Evaluation of the Radiolink Scheme: Final Report Summary: The strategic aim of the Radiolink Scheme is to reduce the level of business and retail crime experienced by towns, in particular, shoplifting and to reduce the fear of crime. Radiolink also seeks to deter anti-social behaviour affecting town centres. This report examines the range of evidence available to indicate the impact of introducing Radiolink on the level of retail crime and anti-social behaviour. Evalaution activity contributing to this assessment included analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. Details: Belfast: Deloitte MCS Limited, 2006. 98p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119474 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorCommercial CrimeCrime PreventionCrimes Against BusinessesRetail CrimeShoplifting |
Author: KPMG Title: Independent Research into Crimes Against Businesses in Northern Ireland Summary: The aims of this research was to better understand the problem of business related crime in Northern Ireland and how businesses, business organisations and other relevant stakeholders believe it could be tackled and reduced. The research included a literature review; a postal survey of almost 5,000 non-agricultural businesses in Northern Ireland; focus groups among non-agricultural businesses and organisations representing business; semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives from agricultural businesses; and individual interviews with a range of businesses, organisations representing business and other stakeholders. Details: Dublin: KPMG, 2008. 95p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119508 Keywords: Business CrimeCommercial CrimesCrime PreventionRetail Crime |
Author: La Vigne, Nancy G. Title: Evaluation of Target's Safe City Initiative: Implementing Public-Private Partnerships to Address Crime in Retail Settings Summary: This report presents results from an evaluation of the Safe City Initiative. Launched by the Target Corporation in 2003, the goal of Safe City is to partner local law enforcement with retailers and community leaders to increase public safety. The evaluation, which employed surveys of businesses, Difference-in-Differences analyses of reported crime data, and cost-benefit analyses, found increases in perceptions of safety among businesses in the designated Safe City area and cost-effective reductions in crime in two of the four sites. In one site, however, crime reductions were limited to specific crimes and coincided with increases in other types of crimes. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, 2010. 323p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2010 at: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412081-safe-city-initiative.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412081-safe-city-initiative.pdf Shelf Number: 119677 Keywords: Crime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignPublic-Private PartnershipsRetail Crime |
Author: Smith, Patten Title: Business Crime Scoping Execise: Methodological Work to Consider the Scope and Feasibility of a New Survey to Measure Commercial Victimisation Summary: This scoping study examined the feasibility of developing a new survey to measure business crime. The work reviewed Home Office and external stakeholder requirements and presented a set of recommendations for the design and implementation of a new survey of business crime. There were three main components to the work: a literature review of business crime surveys; a series of consultations with Home Office and external stakeholders to identify key survey requirements; and development of survey design options. The key findings are as follows: Previous CVS surveys conducted by the Home Office and the Scottish Government (previously the Scottish Executive) are among the most rigorous of their kind to date. The existing CVS methodology should be retained to provide good quality data at a reasonable cost and to enable comparisons with previous rounds of the CVS. Key stakeholders require up-to-date information on crime experienced by businesses, costs of crime and perceptions of the police response to crime. A telephone survey of business premises of all sizes should be conducted. A supplementary survey of head offices should also be considered. The survey questionnaire should be based largely on that used in the 2002 CVS, with modifications to reflect changes in crime patterns and policy priorities. A new CVS will fill an important gap in data on the nature and extent of crime against businesses, as well as valuable feedback on how retailers view the service they get from the police. This will inform the formulation of sound policy to reduce these crimes. Details: London: Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, 2010. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Home Office Research Report 33: Accessed September 10, 2010 at: http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs10/horr33c.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs10/horr33c.pdf Shelf Number: 117628 Keywords: Crime StatisticsCrime SurveysCrimes Against BusinessRetail Crime |
Author: Rosenthal, Stuart S. Title: Violent Crime, Entrepreneurship, and Cities Summary: This paper estimates the impact of violent crime on the location of business activity and entrepreneurship in five U.S. cities. Central to our analysis is the idea that different sectors of the economy will sort into high- and low-crime areas depending on their relative sensitivity to crime. We illustrate this by comparing retail industries to their wholesale counterparts, and highend restaurants to low-end eateries. Because retail industries are dependent on pedestrian shoppers, they are expected to be especially sensitive to violent crime. Because high-end restaurants are dependent on evening business, they are expected to be especially sensitive to violent crime over the prime dinner hours. Findings indicate that retail, wholesale, high- and low-end restaurants are all more active in areas with higher local rates of violent crime, even after conditioning on an extensive set of model controls. This could arise because violent crime is attracted to our target industries. This also likely reflects that other sectors of the economy outbid our target industries for safer locations (e.g. residential). Further analysis confirms such sorting behavior. Retailers are more likely to locate in safer locations as compared to wholesalers in the same industry. Among restaurants, an increase in violent crime during the prime dinner hours equivalent to the sample max/min range would decrease the high-end share of local restaurants by roughly 40 percentage points. These findings indicate that entrepreneurs take violent crime into account when bidding for locations within a city. These finding also indicate that efforts to make distressed portions of cities more vibrant must give consideration to the need to ensure that such areas are safe. Details: Syracuse, NY: Department of Economics, Syracuse University, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.cepr.org/meets/wkcn/2/2409/papers/rosenthalfinal.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.cepr.org/meets/wkcn/2/2409/papers/rosenthalfinal.pdf Shelf Number: 119804 Keywords: BusinessesEconomicsNeighborhoods and CrimeRetail CrimeViolent Crime |
Author: Welsh Enterprise Institute (University of Glamorgan, Business School) Title: Putting the Economy Back on Track: Crimes Against Business Summary: The stark reality is that 64% of businesses fell victim to crime over a twelve-month period, and crime costs each business an average of £13,354 a year. The uncertainty in the financial markets is a concern for many small businesses, and an effective response to tackle crimes that are eating away at our local communities and national economy is now more important than ever. The survey results show that crimes targeted against small business are on the rise. Crime affects a business’ ability to meet customer deadlines and attract customers and adversely affects its profitability, ultimately resulting in businesses closing down and jobs and local economies being put at risk. Valuable time and resources are spent dealing with the aftermath of a crime and businesses are feeling the squeeze of narrowing profit margins and rising insurance premiums. Businesses, and their staff in the local community, are victims of repeat crime in the form of vandalism, vehicle damage and threatening behaviour. Crimes against business make up a significant 20%, or the ‘Forgotten Fifth’, of all recorded crime in the UK. An effective response at a national, regional and local level is necessary for the sustainability of our local communities and the national economy. Neighbourhood Policing Units (NPUs) are hailed as the answer to local crime problems. Businesses themselves have some faith in NPUs as an effective response to crime at a local level. However, far fewer businesses have had any direct contact with their local unit. This needs to change, especially when it is claimed that businesses are a ‘strategic partner’. NPUs should be engaging directly with the business community and making it a priority to factor their views and interests into local strategies to tackle crime against business. Details: London: Federation of Small Businesses, 2008. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2010 at: http://www.fsb.org.uk/policy/Publications Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.fsb.org.uk/policy/Publications Shelf Number: 119833 Keywords: Commercial CrimesCrime StatisticsCrimes Against BusinessesNeighborhood PolicingRetail CrimeVandalism |
Author: Carter, Sara Title: Crime and the Small Business Summary: In April 2004, the Federation of Small Businesses published “Lifting the Barriers to Growth in UK Small Businesses”, a summary of the results of the third biennial survey of the FSB membership. This new report provides a more detailed analysis of the data collected in the 2004 survey on the effect of crime in the small business sector. Here, we investigate the extent to which small businesses are affected by crime, the cost of crime to the small business sector and the crime prevention measures that they adopt to combat crime. Details: London: Federation of Small Businesses, 2005. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2010 at: http://www.fsb.org.uk/documentstore/filedetails.asp?id=229 Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.fsb.org.uk/documentstore/filedetails.asp?id=229 Shelf Number: 119834 Keywords: Commercial CrimesCrime StatisticsCrimes Against BusinessesRetail Crime |
Author: Retail Crime Commission Title: Retail Crime Commission Report to the Conservative Party Summary: This report by the Conservative Retail Crime Commission outlines how neglect of retail crime has had a debilitating effect on local communities and businesses and makes recommendations for change. The Commission recommends that: The existing sanctions regime should be reformed so that Fixed Penalty Notices are only used for first time offences and are recorded to ensure repeat offenders are identified; Community based sanctions are used for first time offences, helping restore confidence to the public and social responsibility among perpetrators; Police must be obliged to record where crime occurs in retail premises and citizens given access to crime statistics so they can hold police to account for crime in their locality; Police forces must be encouraged to collaborate and share information to address cross-border criminal activity; Drug policy should be focused on breaking the cycle of addiction and acquisitive crime by getting addicts off drugs rather than maintaining them in addiction; and Greater emphasis should also be given to intervening early to deal with the underlying causes of crime and anti-social behaviour. Details: London: Retail Crime Commission, 2009. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2010 at: http://www.philipdunne.com/retailcrimecommission/Retail_Crime_Commission.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.philipdunne.com/retailcrimecommission/Retail_Crime_Commission.pdf Shelf Number: 119242 Keywords: Retail CrimeShopliftingTheft- |
Author: Koh, Robin Title: Prediction, Detection, and Proof: An Integrated Auto-ID Solution to Retail Theft Summary: Theft is a serious problem in North America costing retailers and manufacturers at least $25 Billion per year. For the past ten years, there has been no change in the rate of theft. This lack of improvement traces in part to current technologies that are not fully integrated. Auto-ID lays the foundation for developing applications to predict, prevent, detect and resolve theft within the supply chain; providing a comprehensive solution. Practical applications of the technology will occur within the next five years. These first steps will lead to other applications of Auto-ID including efficient transfers between companies and the reduction of diversion. Details: Cambridge, MA: Auto-ID Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: White Paper: Accessed July 21, 2011 at: http://www.autoidlabs.org/uploads/media/MIT-AUTOID-WH022.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://www.autoidlabs.org/uploads/media/MIT-AUTOID-WH022.pdf Shelf Number: 122132 Keywords: Crime PreventionEmployee TheftRetail CrimeRetail TheftShoplifting |
Author: Beck, Adrian Title: The Impact and Control of Shrinkage at Self-Scan Checkouts: An ECR Europe White Paper Summary: This study aimed to contribute to the debate concerning the potential impact self-scan checkouts may have on retail shrinkage. It adopted a multi-method approach: retailer case studies, a survey of self-scan supervisors, and interviews with self-scan technology companies, loss prevention practitioners and product protection providers. Key findings are: • Limited evidence from the retail case studies suggested that the introduction of self-scan technologies had little or no impact on levels of shrinkage. One retailer found that manned checkouts operators are three times more likely to not scan an item than a customer using self scan. • A survey of 955 self-scan supervisors did not identify widespread concerns about customers abusing this system, with the majority not having caught anybody stealing through this method nor suggesting that the non-scanning of items was widespread. • The research identified the need for retailers to create ‘zones of control’ within which self-scan checkouts operate to ensure that potential thieves perceive it to be both difficult to steal and that it was highly likely that if they did offend, they would be caught. • These zones of control should be created through careful design (where possible creating a separate self-scan space, controlling the movement of customers and limiting means of entrance and exit) and generating overt forms of surveillance (supervisors and other staff constantly being highly visible and near to customers; the use of CCTV and public view monitors and technological monitoring through till-based alerts and alarms). • Where possible one supervisor should be responsible for a maximum of four self-scan checkouts – this maximises their ability to be vigilant and to effectively respond to customer queries and system alarms and alerts. • Certain elements of self-scan systems should be reviewed, including: o the number of alerts generated compared with the ability of staff to act as ‘guardians of control’; identification of products that persistently create scanning problems for customers (barcode not reading) and ameliorative action taken (either by the retailer or through negotiation with the product manufacturer); review of location of the receipt function; improved customer notification of change, including location of scoop; review of loose item description interface; and how discount vouchers are handled and verified. • Training of self-scan supervisors is critical – they need to be aware of the importance of maintaining vigilance and keeping in close proximity to customers. They also need to be aware of all the well-known self-scan scams. • The providers of product protection equipment need to work much more closely with the manufacturers of self-scan technologies to ensure that the current problems being experienced with devices such as EAS tags (false alarms because customers are not deactivating tags consistently) can be addressed. • There is a need for further research to understand the level of losses being experienced through traditional checkouts to better understand whether the levels of loss are similar or indeed higher than those occurring through self-scan checkouts. • The emerging nature of self-scan technology and the growing public acceptance of, and familiarity with, suggests that this subject should be reviewed in years to come to see if levels of abuse are the same level. Details: Brussels: ECR Europe Shrinkage Group, 2011. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed July 26, 2011 at: www.gs1ie.org/attachment/1015 Year: 2011 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 122153 Keywords: Crime PreventionRetail CrimeShopliftingTheft |
Author: Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA) Title: Crime Trends and Leading Practices Survey Summary: The Retail Industry Leaders Association’s (RILA) Crime Trends and Leading Practices Survey was launched in December 2008 in an effort to measure the correlation between criminal activity and the economic downturn among the nation’s leading retailers. RILA has continued to monitor crime trends, conducting follow-up surveys in May 2009, January 2010 and August 2010. In August 2010, the survey was expanded to solicit feedback from retailers regarding effective criminal risk mitigation tools as part of an industry-wide collaborative effort to combat retail crime. Survey participants were asked to report measured or perceived changes in crimes perpetrated against retailers over the past year and to share leading practices for minimizing business risks. Reflective of RILA’s membership, respondents represented all retail segments: building/garden equipment, clothing/accessories, food/beverage, furniture/electronics/appliances, general merchandise, motor vehicles/parts, Sporting goods/hobby /books/music and miscellaneous. Details: Arlington, VA: Retail Industry Leaders Association, 2011. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2011 at: http://www.rila.org/email/FINALPRESSRILACrimeTrendsLeadingPracticesSurveyFinalOctober2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.rila.org/email/FINALPRESSRILACrimeTrendsLeadingPracticesSurveyFinalOctober2011.pdf Shelf Number: 123046 Keywords: Crimes Against BusinessesEconomics and CrimeHot ProductsOrganized Retail CrimeRetail CrimeShopliftingStolen GoodsTheft |
Author: Waller, Matthew A. Title: An Empirical Study of Potential Uses of RFID in the Apparel Retail Supply Chain Summary: Phase I of an empirical study of potential uses of radio frequency identification (RFID) in the apparel supply chain was conducted in the fall of 2010. This Phase of the research was designed to identify potential use cases for the use of RFID in an apparel supply chain and was funded by GS1 US and the American Apparel and Footwear Association (AAFA). The three-phase Supplier ROI study is commonly referred to as the Many-to-Many study. Phase II will involve the measurement of ROI for select use cases identified in Phase I. Phase III will study the effect of RFID on multiple suppliers simultaneously through an experiment. The use cases were solicited from a wide range of companies, in several different countries, in many different types of facilities, and thus reveal where the industry collectively believes the greatest RFID benefits reside. Over a period of several months, we collected more than 60 use cases. The findings of Phase I show that the potential benefits of item-level RFID in the apparel supply chain reach beyond the retailer and include apparel manufacturers. Details: Fayetteville, Arkansas: Information Technology Research Institute, Sam W. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, 2011. 40p. Source: Information Technology Research Institute Working Paper Series ITRI-WP156-0111: Internet Resource: Accessed February 19, 2012 at http://itri.uark.edu/91.asp?code=completed&article=ITRI-WP156-0111 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://itri.uark.edu/91.asp?code=completed&article=ITRI-WP156-0111 Shelf Number: 124203 Keywords: Radio-frequency Identification (RFID)Retail CrimeSupply Chains |
Author: Beck, Adrian Title: Automatic Product Indentification & Shrinkage: Scoping the Potential Summary: The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities offered by recent developments within the sphere of product Auto Identification (Auto ID) technologies to impact upon the problem of shrinkage in the retail sector and their suppliers (both manufacturers and third-party logistics providers). Its purpose is not to provide specific strategies for its implementation, but to consider the potential to impact upon shrinkage in the short, medium and long term. In this respect, this document aims to generate discussion, debate and above all, raise questions about how this rapidly developing technology might be used, rather than to be overtly prescriptive in suggesting how it should be used. The research was commissioned by Efficient Consumer Response Europe (ECR) and uses as its base a series of in-depth discussions with European retailers and manufacturers, technology providers and developers, standards agencies and academics. In particular, a oneday workshop was organised in February 2002, in Brussels, when invited delegates were offered the opportunity to discuss in detail the prospects, problems and potential of Auto ID. The author is extremely grateful to all those who contributed their time, expertise and knowledge to assist in this research. In particular, the staff at the Auto ID Centre in Boston (US) and Cambridge (UK), and the members of the ECR Europe Shrinkage committee. Details: Brussels: Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) Europe, 2002. Source: White Paper for ECR Europe: Internter Resource: Accessed February 29, 2012 at http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/criminology/people/bna/RFIDandShrinkageWhitePaperpdf Year: 2002 Country: International URL: http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/criminology/people/bna/RFIDandShrinkageWhitePaperpdf Shelf Number: 124328 Keywords: Crime PreventionRetail CrimeTechnology |
Author: Qian, Yi Title: Brand Management and Strategies Against Counterfeits Summary: In this paper, I provide a theory for the brand-protection strategies to counterfeiting under weak intellectual property rights. My theoretical framework has general implications for endogenous sunk cost investments as a means of deterring counterfeiters. My model incorporates two layers of asymmetric information that counterfeits can incur: counterfeiters fooling consumers, and buyers of counterfeits fooling other consumers. Brands have a number of different tools at their disposal to maintain a separating equilibrium in the face of counterfeits. One of the theoretical predictions of this study is that counterfeit entry would induce incumbent brand to introduce new products. This helps to explain the innovation strategies that authentic firms employ in response to entry by their counterfeiters in the real world. Authentic prices rise if and only if the counterfeit quality is lower than a threshold level. In addition, the model demonstrates how authentic producers could invest in self-enforcement to increase counterfeiters' incentives to separate themselves. Better channel management through company stores and other costly devices are forms of non-price signals and complement a company's own enforcements against counterfeits. These predictions are validated using a unique panel data collected from Chinese shoe companies covering the years 1993-2004. Data further reveal that companies with worse relationships with the government invest more in various self-enforcement strategies, which are effective in reducing counterfeit sales, and that the set of strategies are complements rather than substitutes. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. 43p. Source: NBER Working Paper Series 17849: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at http://www.nber.org/papers/w17849.pdf?new_window=1 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17849.pdf?new_window=1 Shelf Number: 124552 Keywords: Businesses and CrimeCounterfeitingRetail Crime |
Author: Gold, Emily Title: Diverting Shoplifters: A Research Report and Planning Guide Summary: The problem of retail theft, or shoplifting as it is also known, creates a significant drain on both public and private resources. Diverting Shoplifters: A Research Report and Planning Guide—written for criminal justice agencies, community-based organizations, and retailers alike—explores new ways to respond to low-level theft, while also framing the nature of the problem. The promising practices included in this report focus on using problem solving and partnerships to reduce the level of retail theft, as well as the burden these cases place on the criminal justice system. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2012. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2012 at: http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/e11117410_Diverting-Shoplifters-508.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/e11117410_Diverting-Shoplifters-508.pdf Shelf Number: 125420 Keywords: Retail CrimeShoplifting (U.S.)Theft |
Author: Thornton, Alex Title: Commercial Victimisation Survey 2012: Feasibility Report Summary: The 2012 Commercial Victimisation Survey (CVS) is the first of a new series of surveys run by the Home Office, designed to measure crime against businesses in England and Wales. This new series, currently scheduled to run in 2012, 2013 and 2014, builds on the two previous Home Office CVS surveys carried out in 1994 and 2002. Both previous surveys were limited to small and medium sized businesses in the retail and manufacturing sectors with interviews carried out by telephone. The two surveys are regarded as among the most comprehensive studies of crime against business in England and Wales measuring crime at premises rather than enterprise level1. The 2002 CVS also included a smaller postal survey of head offices (primarily to collect information about the financial impacts of crime) although, due to a very low response rate, data from this was not included in the 2002 report. In 2012 it was agreed that the CVS would focus on data at the premises level, collecting information on experience and costs of crime, responses to victimisation, insurance and crime prevention measures, local policing and business characteristics. Compared with previous CVS surveys, the 2012 survey was widened to cover four business areas; retail, manufacturing, the service sector and transport and distribution. The 2012 survey would again be conducted through telephone interviews. This report provides a summary of various stages of feasibility work carried out by TNS BMRB between April and July 2012. Work was carried out to develop the survey methodology and questionnaire for the 2012 CVS and consisted of three main stages: 1) A comprehensive review of the CVS sample design. This included making a recommendation of the survey population, obtaining the most accurate business population counts, and developing a process for looking up telephone numbers for sampled premises 2) Cognitive interviews with respondents at a range of individual business premises to fully test the draft questionnaire 3) A robust dress rehearsal of 100 interviews designed to test comprehensively all aspects of the survey processes. This provided an opportunity to test the questionnaire produced from the feasibility study and amend it prior to the main stage survey. The report is divided into the three sections outlined above. In addition to these three stages, a stakeholder workshop was carried out on 19th June with members of the CVS Steering Group and Virtual Reference Group. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss emerging findings from the early stages of the feasibility work with key stakeholders from outside the Home Office research team. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 191p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 23, 2013 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/cvs-feasibility-report-2012?view=Binary Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/cvs-feasibility-report-2012?view=Binary Shelf Number: 127359 Keywords: Commercial CrimesCrime Against BusinessesRetail CrimeVictimization Surveys (U.K.) |
Author: Qian, Yi Title: Untangling Searchable and Experiential Quality Responses to Counterfeits Summary: In this paper, we untangle the searchable and experiential dimensions of quality responses to entry by counterfeiters in emerging markets with weak intellectual property rights. Our theoretical framework analyzes the market equilibria under competition with non-deceptive counterfeiting and deceptive counterfeiting, respectively, as well as under monopoly branding. A key theoretical prediction is that emerging markets can be self-corrective with respect to counterfeiting issues in the following sense: First, counterfeiters could earn positive profits by pooling with authentic brands only when consumers have good faith in the market (believe in a low probability that any product is a counterfeit). When the proportion of counterfeits in the market exceeds a cutoff value, brands would invest in self-differentiation from the competitive fringe counterfeiters. Second, to attain a separating equilibrium with counterfeiters, branded incumbents upgrade the searchable quality (e.g. appearance) of their products more and improve the experiential quality (e.g. functionality) less, as compared to monopoly equilibrium. This prediction uncovers the nature of product differentiation in the searchable dimension and helps in analyzing the real-world innovation strategies employed by authentic firms in response to entries by counterfeit entities. In addition, the welfare analyses hint at a non-linear relationship between social welfare and intellectual property enforcement. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series; Working Paper 18784: Accessed February 11, 2013 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18784 Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18784 Shelf Number: 127560 Keywords: CounterfeitingCrimes Against BusinessesRetail Crime |
Author: De Bock, Tine Title: Exploring the Impact of Fear Appeals on the Prevention of Shoplifting Summary: The present study investigates the effectiveness of fear appeals in preventing shoplifting among adolescents. We study the effects of type of punishment (social disapproval versus fines), probability of getting caught when shoplifting and severity of the punishment. Results show that social punishment messages should stress severe levels of social disapproval when the chance of getting caught is low. When social disapproval messages imply a high probability of apprehension, the severity of social rejection makes no difference for the shoplifting intentions. Finally, messages focusing on fines should depict large instead of small fines, irrespective of the communicated probability of getting caught. Details: Ghent: University of Ghent, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, 2010. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed March 1, 2013 at: http://www.feb.ugent.be/nl/Ondz/wp/Papers/wp_10_668.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.feb.ugent.be/nl/Ondz/wp/Papers/wp_10_668.pdf Shelf Number: 127747 Keywords: Crime PreventionRetail CrimeShoplifting |
Author: EPS Consulting Title: Tackling the Black Market and Retail Crime Summary: Retail Ireland, in August 2012, published a major new report 'Tackling the Black Market and Retail Crime', which says the Exchequer is losing L861 million annually because of illegal black market activity and retail theft. The group said the recession had led to an increase in retail crime, including shoplifting, fuel smuggling and the sale of smuggled cigarettes, and called for a zero tolerance approach from the Gardai and courts. Key facts in the report include: - At least 12% of all diesel sold in Ireland is illegal. Since 2010, 19 oil laundries have been detected and closed, and 690,000 litres of oil seized - Figures on the size of the illegal tobacco market range from L250m upwards. - Attempts to import counterfeit goods increased by a quarter to 1277 from 2009 to 2010; 66853 counterfeit articles were intercepted in 2010 - Industry estimates that 770,000 individuals in Ireland have down-loaded music/films illegally, costing the industry and Exchequer millions - Ireland ranks 11th out of 22 countries in Europe for shop-lifting, with employee theft accounting for one-third, the highest rate in Europe Details: Dublin: Retail Ireland, 2012. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.ibec.ie/IBEC/Press/PressPublicationsdoclib3.nsf/vPages/Newsroom~black-market-costing-exchequer-E861-million-annually-20-08-2012/$file/Retail+Ireland+-+Tackling+the+Black+Market+and+retail+Crime.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.ibec.ie/IBEC/Press/PressPublicationsdoclib3.nsf/vPages/Newsroom~black-market-costing-exchequer-E861-million-annually-20-08-2012/$file/Retail+Ireland+-+Tackling+the+Black+Market+and+retail+Crime.pdf Shelf Number: 133058 Keywords: Counterfeit GoodsCrimes Against BusinessesEmployee TheftIllegal GoodsRetail CrimeShoplifting |
Author: Grant Thornton Title: Illicit Trade in Ireland: Uncovering the cost to the Irish economy Summary: Although frequently thought of as a victimless crime, illicit trade has a significant impact on the Irish economy. The objective of this report is to provide a detailed assessment of illicit trade in Ireland across a select number of sectors, namely fuel, tobacco, digital media and pharmaceuticals. With regard to each of these sectors, the report seeks to understand the impacts, identify key drivers behind these illicit trades, and where possible, quantifies the losses to the economy. Ultimately this report proposes an integrated approach to tackling the problem of illicit trade in Ireland. What is illicit trade? The most common definition of illicit trade is that used by the World Health Organisation (WHO) which covers many different areas that go beyond the scope of this report. These include money laundering, cash transaction, human trafficking and the trade in illegal drugs. Within the context of this report, the term "illicit trade" is more narrowly defined as: - Intellectual Property Crime (IPC); - Contraband; and - Illegal manufacturing. Importance of intellectual property It is widely accepted that the recognition of Intellectual Property ("IP") plays a vital role in promoting innovation and stimulating the economy in order to foster growth. Therefore, it is vital that appropriate legal recognition, public policies and enforcement is in place to ensure that IP and brands are protected. Illicit Trade in Ireland Despite the importance of IP rights and an increased emphasis on IP protection, significant levels of illicit trade remain in operation throughout the Irish economy. Illicit Trade in Ireland is not confined to a single industry but is present in a broad spectrum of activity across the Irish economy. The scale and scope of illicit trade in Ireland has resulted in significant losses to the Irish economy. The losses suffered include a number of important stakeholders such as right holders, retailers, consumers, the Government and the wider economy. Whilst almost every area of the general economy is subject to losses as a result of illicit trade, this report has narrowed its focus to a number of core areas which are having the most detrimental effect on the Irish economy. To address any problem, the first step should be to understand the problem and in this report we have attempted to do just this. The estimates that we have provided in this report show that illicit trade could be costing right holders as much as L547m per annum and the Irish Exchequer as much as L937m per annum. Details: Dublin: Retail Ireland, 2013. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/jobsenterpriseandinnovation/Illicit-Trade-in-Ireland-report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/jobsenterpriseandinnovation/Illicit-Trade-in-Ireland-report.pdf Shelf Number: 133069 Keywords: ContrabandCosts of CrimeCrime Against BusinessesFinancial CrimesIllegal ManufacturingIllicit TradeIntellectual Property TheftMoney LaunderingOrganized Crime (Ireland)Retail Crime |
Author: Iorillo, David Matthew Title: Integrating Public-Partnerships into Public Safety: The San Diego Organized Retail Crime Alliance, A Case Study Summary: The public safety industry is spread across a broad network of law enforcement, prosecution and incarceration agencies and programs that work to reduce crime at each level. In today's economic and political environment, law enforcement agencies across the country are facing stricter budget and staffing models that have a profound effect on their ability to police neighborhoods and reduce crime. Private sector industries such as retail loss prevention, facility and private security corporations and financial organizations conduct investigations and implement crime reduction programs that mirror the efforts of law enforcement. Through the creation and utilization of partnerships between law enforcement and strategic private sector industries, crime can be reduced and the overall costs of combating crime can be shared among multiple resources. The reductions in budget and staffing make it an absolute necessity for law enforcement to look outside of traditional partnerships and bridge the gap better law enforcement and the private sector. Details: Charles Town, WV: American Public University, 2014. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed July 1, 2016 at: http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=theses Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=theses Shelf Number: 139543 Keywords: Crime PreventionOrganized Retail CrimePrivate SecurityRetail CrimeRetail SecurityShoplifting |
Author: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company Title: 5 year analysis of Pharmacy Burglary and Robbery Experience Summary: Burglaries and robberies represent a significant expense to pharmacies in the United States. Beyond direct insurance costs, which are driven by loss experience, pharmacists experience financial, business interruption and psychological costs. Pharmacists are concerned about armed robberies, and even finding that a store has been burglarized overnight can be upsetting and cause the expenditure of thousands of dollars in an effort to prevent reoccurrence. Beyond what is covered by insurance, customers pay deductibles that can easily be exceeded as a result of criminal efforts to gain entrance. Pharmacists that are victimized face hours of dealing with police, the DEA, board of pharmacy, contractors and their insurance company. As state and national efforts increase to address the underlying problem of prescription drug diversion, pharmacists face increasing administrative and regulatory compliance costs. When we seek methods to effectively combat the problem, it is important to understand the larger problem of prescription drug diversion and how it fuels pharmacy burglaries and robberies. Described by the Centers for Disease Control as having reached epidemic proportions in the United States, demand for prescription narcotics, coupled with a widely available supply, create an environment that is ripe for criminal activity. While the U.S. represents only 4.6% of the world's population, we consume 80% of the global opioid supply Five million Americans use opioid painkillers for non-medical use We experience almost 17,000 deaths from prescription narcotic overdoses annually. In a 4 year period, more deaths than we experienced in the Vietnam War. Morphine production was at 96 milligrams per person in 1997. By 2009, that number increased by 8 fold. The origins of the problem are complex, but are based on a cycle of over-prescribing that has occurred over the past two decades. While well intentioned, liberal prescribing coupled with aggressive marketing, incentives and even encouragement to physicians to relieve pain at all costs sparked the fire. Unchecked by adequate physician education on drug diversion and dependency, and a lack of appropriate chronic pain management protocols, demand and dependency increased. As demand increased, so did production levels, opportunities for profit and creative methods of diversion. Pharmacy crime involves every part of the distribution chain from manufacture through wholesale, retail, and ultimately to the end user. Pharmacists have been victims of deceptive practices, prescription fraud, employee diversion, burglaries and robberies. According to the Centers for Disease Control, prescription drug diversion, measured by drug overdose deaths and pharmacy crime, are at epidemic proportions. Details: Algona, IA: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company, 2013. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2017 at: https://www.videofied.com/_asset/tqrmk5/Pharmacy-5yr-Crime-Analysis.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.videofied.com/_asset/tqrmk5/Pharmacy-5yr-Crime-Analysis.pdf Shelf Number: 147723 Keywords: BurglaryPharmacy CrimePrescription Drug AbuseRetail CrimeRobberies |
Author: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company Title: Pharmacy Crime: A look at pharmacy burglary and robbery in the United States and the strategies and tactics needed to manage the problem Summary: The theft of prescription narcotics from pharmacies is a problem that has grown over the past thirty years, gaining national attention in 2010 with the declaration by the CDC that the prescription drug abuse had reached epidemic proportions. Driven by a change in how health care was delivered, the trend shifted from a focus on treatment to one of prescriptions. With the advent of the new millennium we saw changing attitudes about the use of narcotic medications and an aggressive promotion by the pharmaceutical industry. Within that first decade, the number of people abusing prescription drugs jumped from 3.8 million to 7 million from 2000 to 2010 (DEA). Diversion of narcotics to feed the national addiction was occurring at every step of the process, from drug design, to manufacturer and how the end user obtained and used the narcotics. On the front lines of the problem were the pharmacies who felt the ramifications in break-ins, armed robberies, diversion by employees, and administrative costs required to deal with ensuing regulatory requirements. The response at the federal and state level was significant, with newer ways to track distribution, aggressive law enforcement action and spending (the DEA currently devotes over 50% of its resources on prescription narcotics), drug take back programs, physician education and drug monitoring programs. Unfortunately, measures to address the abuse and dependency behind the problem of prescription abuse lag well behind steps taken to limit access to drugs. Those needing to feed their habits are finding it difficult to obtain drugs from physicians, friends and relatives. Many avenues used by criminals to obtain the drugs have been closed. As the supply dries up, street price increases (or in some parts of the country, heroin use grows) and both the addicts and criminals find other ways. Walking into a pharmacy with a gun, or throwing a rock through a window does not require a lot of thought or preparation, but it will provide easy access to the current drugs of choice. When criminals look for the big score and do plan, the returns for them and costs to Pharmacists Mutual and our member companies can be significant. In our own experience at Pharmacists Mutual, our understanding of the problem and our efforts to educate, underwrite and manage claims have resulted in an almost 30% reduction in frequency. While we have been able to hold the line on total costs as well, we are seeing increases in average costs of individual crimes. With the declaration of an epidemic in 2010, Pharmacists Mutual was asked to speak at multiple pharmacy associations. Over time, these requests have fallen off as government, pharmacy association, boards of pharmacy and other organizations have developed guidelines, checklists and other resources to help pharmacists manage the problem. Every pharmacy in the country now has ready access to general information about the problem and things they need to do to control it. Going forward, our ability to serve our member companies depends on how well we understand what is happening and the development of targeted solutions to specific issues. We need to continue our efforts to stay abreast of loss trends, patterns of criminal activity and crime prevention technologies designed to minimize the cost of burglaries and robberies and improve criminal apprehension rates. In particular, armed robberies are a growing threat that presents some unique challenges. Details: Algona, IA: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2017 at: https://www.phmic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/PMC_CrimeReport.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.phmic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/PMC_CrimeReport.pdf Shelf Number: 147724 Keywords: Burglary Pharmacy Crime Prescription Drug Abuse Retail CrimeRobberies |
Author: Rigakos, George S. Title: Downtown Yonge BIA Safety and Security Tracking Study Summary: This Report is the culmination of a five-year statistical tracking study of owners and employees of storefront businesses in the Downtown Yonge Business Improvement Area (DYBIA) that line Yonge Street between College and Queen Streets in downtown Toronto. The results are based on snapshot surveys using a Merchant Safety and Satisfaction Survey (MERS3) conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009 relying on scientific samples (better than 95% confidence, +/- 5% margin of error) for each of the snapshot years based on response per store address. Details: Ottawa, ONT: Carleton University, 2012? 44p; Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 1, 2019 at: https://www.academia.edu/1779486/Downtown_Yonge_BIA_Safety_and_Security_Tracking_Study Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: https://www.academia.edu/1779486/Downtown_Yonge_BIA_Safety_and_Security_Tracking_Study Shelf Number: 154334 Keywords: Business Improvement Districts Crime Prevention Retail Crime |